Why Does Alcohol Make You Pee

If youve ever had a drink, you know it sent you to the bathroom, but do you know why alcohol makes you pee? Do you know how much more urine you produce or whether there is a way to reduce it? Science has the answer to all these questions: Key Takeaways: Why Alcohol Makes You Pee Ethanol or grain alcohol is a diuretic. In other words, it increases urine production.It works by suppressing anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), so the kidneys return less urine to the blood and allow more to exit as urine.Alcohol also stimulates the bladder, so you may feel the urge to urinate sooner than your ordinarily would.Each shot of alcohol increases urine production by 120 milliliters.Drinking also dehydrates the body in other ways by increasing perspiration and possibly by producing diarrhea or leading to vomiting. Why Does Alcohol Make You Pee? Alcohol is a diuretic. What this means is, when you drink alcohol, you  produce more urine. This happens because alcohol suppresses release of arginine vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone (ADH),  the hormone that allows your kidneys to return water to your  bloodstream. The effect is additive, so drinking more alcohol increases the level of dehydration.  Another part of the reason you visit the bathroom more often is because alcohol also stimulates the bladder, so youll feel the urge to pee sooner than you would ordinarily. How Much More Do You Have To Pee? Ordinarily, you produce 60-80 milliliters of urine per hour.  Each shot of alcohol causes you to produce an additional 120 milliliters of urine. It matters how hydrated you are before you start drinking. According to the  July-August 2010 issue of Alcohol and Alcoholism, youll produce less urine from drinking alcohol if you are already dehydrated. The biggest dehydrating effect is seen in people who are already hydrated. Other Ways Alcohol Dehydrates You Urination isnt the only way you become dehydrated from drinking alcohol. Increased perspiration and possibly diarrhea and vomiting can make the situation even worse. The Breaking the Seal Myth Some people believe you can stave off the need to pee by waiting as long as possible to break the seal or urinate for the first time after you start drinking. Its a myth  that the first pee is a signal telling your body you need to visit  the bathroom every 10 minutes until the booze clears your system. The truth is, waiting just makes you uncomfortable and has no effect on how frequently or copiously you will pee from that point on. Can You Reduce the Effect? If you drink water or a soft drink with alcohol, the diuretic effect of the alcohol is reduced by about half. These means youll get less dehydrated, which helps to reduce your chance of getting a hangover. Other factors also affect whether youll get a hangover, so adding ice to a drink, drinking water, or using a mixer may help, but wont necessarily prevent headache and nausea the next morning. Also, since youre increasing your fluid intake, diluting the alcohol wont make you pee less. It  means a smaller volume  of that urine will be from the dehydrating effect of the booze. Its worth noting, no matter how many beers you drink or how much water you add, the net effect is dehydration. Yes, you are adding a lot of water to your system, but each shot of alcohol makes it that much harder for your kidneys to return that water to your bloodstream and organs. People can live if the only liquid they get is from alcoholic beverages, but they get water from food.  So, if you were stranded on an island with nothing to drink except rum, would you die of thirst? If you didnt have lots of fruit to offset the dehydration, the answer would be yes. Sources Harger RN (1958). The pharmacology and toxicology of alcohol. Journal of the American Medical Association. 167 (18): 2199–202. doi:10.1001/jama.1958.72990350014007Jung, YC; Namkoong, K (2014). Alcohol: intoxication and poisoning - diagnosis and treatment. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 125. pp. 115–21. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00007-0Pohorecky, Larissa A.; Brick, John (January 1988). Pharmacology of ethanol. Pharmacology Therapeutics. 36 (2–3): 335–427. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(88)90109-XSmith, C., Marks, Allan D., Lieberman, Michael (2005). Marks Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach, 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. USA.

Abstinence-Only vs. Comprehensive Sex Education Essay

Since the HIV/AIDS epidemic began in the U.S. in the early 1980s the issue of sex education for American youth has had the attention of the nation. There are about 400,000 teen births every year in the U.S, with about 9 billion in associated public costs. STI contraction in general, as well as teen pregnancy, have put the subject even more so on the forefront of the nation’s leading issues. The approach and method for proper and effective sex education has been hotly debated. Some believe that teaching abstinence-only until marriage is the best method while others believe that a more comprehensive approach, which includes abstinence promotion as well as contraceptive information, is necessary. Abstinence-only program curriculums disregard†¦show more content†¦Other supporters think that sex education should not deviate from other teachings of other health curricula such as drunk driving, tobacco use, drug use, alcohol consumption, gun use, fighting; all things which a re taught to just not do (Collins, Alagira, and Summers 12-13). They believe that it is the responsibility of a public institution which serves kids to teach them risk avoidance rather than harm reduction (â€Å"WebMD: Better Information. Better Health†). Many advocates for abstinence-only education believe that its message is strongly intertwined with traditional values and religious faith; both of which they claim to have measurable influence in preventing teens from having sex (Collins, Alagira, and Summers 12-13). Christian conservative women believe that comprehensive sex education would encourage sexual activity and lesbianism, as well as undercut marriage and create social decay (Fields 24). Proponents for abstinence-only education believe that the abstinence-only message has contributed to the decline of adolescent sexual activity as well as negative related outcomes. In the 1990s there was a decrease in adolescent pregnancy, birth and abortion rates. These proponents attribute these declining statistics to the abstinence-only message and claim that the declines cannot be accredited to increasedShow MoreRelatedAbstinence-Only vs. Comprehensive-Based Sex Education1301 Words   |  5 PagesAbstinence-Only vs. Comprehensive-Based Sex Education Sexual Education is a controversial topic and many people have pushed for abstinence-only programs. The United States has alarmingly high rates of teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence when compared to other advanced countries. Even though there may be minimal differences in the amount of sexual activity in other countries, the U.S. still prevails in high rates of teenage pregnancy, births and abortions (KohlerRead MoreEssay on Abstinence vs. Comprehensive Sex Education1339 Words   |  6 Pagesfunding was put to use in â€Å". . . sex education programs that promote abstinence-only-until-marriage to the exclusion of all other approaches . . .† according to the article â€Å"Sex education† (2010) published by â€Å"Opposing Viewpoints in Context;† a website that specializes in covering social issues. Since then a muddy controversy has arisen over whether that is the best approach. On one hand is the traditional approach of abstinence (not having sex before marriage), and on the other is the ideaRead MoreThe Effects Of Abstinence Based Programs On Actual Behavior Outcomes Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesAdditional research has explored the effects of abstinence based programs on actual behavior outcomes. Kohler, Manhart, and Lafferty (2008) compared the effects of abstinence-only and comprehensive sex education programs, operationalizing effectiveness in terms of initiation of sexual activity and teen pregnancy rates. They found that teenagers who received comprehensive sex education rather than abstinence-only or no education were significantly less likely to report a teenage pregnancy. In additionRead MoreSex Education : Which Is Better? Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pages Abstinence or Comprehensive Sex Education: Which is better? Sex is in the air, everywhere. It is seen when the television is turned on in the morning, it is used to sell hamburgers and cereal, and is the cornerstone by which we gauge our success. Sex is everywhere and the youth of today need to be equipped to handle it safely. There are two primary paths that can be taken when referring to sexual education: Abstinence or a more comprehensive education. 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Regardless of sex education curriculums and debates about possible changes, children and teenagers are still learning everything they think there is to know about sex from very early on in their young lives. However, without responsible adults instructing th em on the facts about sex, there are more likely to treat sex in a cavalier and offhandedRead MoreSafe Sex Vs. No Sex1504 Words   |  7 PagesSafe Sex vs. No Sex. What’s Realistic? A Case for Comprehensive Sex Education Teenagers have been having sex since the beginning of time. Instead of telling them â€Å"just don’t† shouldn’t we educate our teens so that they can be safe? The problem with traditional Abstince- Only-Until-Marriage is that instead of educating they use fear tactics to unsuccessfully keep children ignorant. This causes children to turn to other outlets like porn and other children their age, it’s like a bad game of telephoneRead MoreAbstinence And Comprehensive Sex Education999 Words   |  4 PagesI lean towards the abstinence side of the argument between abstinence and comprehensive sex education because of my religious beliefs. Although I feel abstinence should be the focus of sex education, I think it is important to teach young people a balance to protect themselves. While researching this topic, it seems that many of the articles have the same idea to teach abstinence along with safe sex which would be comprehensive sex ed. With the rising sexu al transmitted diseases and pregnanciesRead MoreThe Debate For Comprehensive Sex Education1212 Words   |  5 PagesDebate for Comprehensive Sex Education Across the United States of America there is wide spread support for abstinence-only education. A majority of states require that abstinence-only education be the only form of sexual health education provided, or requires that abstinence be stressed above other forms of sexual education. These highly stressed abstinence-only programs are under fire as research comes out against the efficiency of these programs, and as new forms of sexual health education appearRead MoreHow Far Should Schools Teach Sex Education978 Words   |  4 PagesHow Far Should Schools Teach Sex Education The condoms display in the Hidden Heroes: the Genius of Everyday Things exhibit is a showcase that would cause an individual to wonder about adolescents’ overall knowledge of human sexuality. In today’s society, children are susceptible to learning about such a delicate topic not only from their families and peers, but through the media as well. These sources often provide misrepresentations of the information due to ignorance and biased views. Therefore

Literature Review - Reading - 1659 Words

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction In this chapter various related literature and research pertaining to this research will be presented. It addresses the views and effect of using extensive reading method to improve comprehension and motivates reading. 2. Related Literature Up until now there is still no definite definition for ‘reading’ as Criscuolo (1973) says â€Å"There is no exact definition for reading’. Another view, Alderson and Urguhart (1984) in Fauziah Hassan HBET3203 (2004:3), â€Å"If the ability (to read) involves so many aspects of language, cognition, life and learning, then no one academic discipline can claim to have the correct view of what is crucial in reading: linguistics certainly not, probably†¦show more content†¦Most importantly they choose something that they like. Brown H.D. (2001:301) writes â€Å"†¦the extent to which learners will learn to read better in a laissez-faire atmosphere of enriched surroundings or in an instructed sequence of direct attention to the strategies of efficient reading†. Cited in â€Å"The Language Learning Benefits of Extensive Reading† – file://F:\ERTheLanguageTeacher Online21_5...11.11.2006 writes ‘Green and Oxford (1995) in a study of the effect of learning strategies on language proficiency found that reading for pleasure was most strongly related to proficiency†. As extensive reading method has this characteristic of learning the language in unthreatening atmosphere and with no formal text, it is hope, will foster reading comprehension and good reading habit. 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They collected findings from 23 studies that were published between 1996 through 2011 and concluded that childhood trauma did in fact have negativeRead Moreliterature review1550 Words   |  7 PagesWriting a Literature Review A literature review†¦ †¢ Provides an overview and a critical evaluation of a body of literature relating to a research topic or a research problem. †¢ Analyzes a body of literature in order to classify it by themes or categories, rather than simply discussing individual works one after another. †¢ Presents the research and ideas of the field rather than each individual work or author by itself. A literature review often forms part of a larger researchRead MoreFeatures of a Good Literature Review795 Words   |  4 PagesEssay: The Features of a Good literature Review A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject in a critical and thorough manner. It may be placed at the beginning of a research paper or it may be an entire paper by itself, frequently the first phase of a large research. It enables one to know that they are on the right path on that specific research. There are several features of a Good Literature Review that crafts it into making a comprehensive and effective pieceRead MoreEnglish As Second Language Learning776 Words   |  4 Pagesconstraint of such goal (Folse, 2004). As the bedrock of English and as well as language, vocabulary also facilitates the development of other language skills: lexical richness leads to the progress in the use of language, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing skills (Nation, 1994). Reversely, The improvement in such skills may enhance learners vocabulary size as the exposure to more learning materials improves the capacity to acquire new vocabulary. (The impor tance of learning vocabulary/ whyRead More My Development as a Writer Essays1352 Words   |  6 Pages My English Literature major has helped me to achieve an outstanding level of appreciation, enjoyment, and knowledge of both American and British Literature. As a high school AP English student, I struggled through great works like Hamlet and To the Lighthouse. My teacher’s daily lectures (there was no such thing as class discussion) taught me merely to interpret the works as critics had in the past. I did not enjoy the reading or writing process. As a freshman at Loras, I was enrolled in theRead MoreWhat Impact Can Librarians And Libraries Have On The Decline Of Older Children And Teen Recreational Reading1706 Words   |  7 PagesLITERATURE REVIEW The research question â€Å"what impact can librarians and libraries have on the decline in older children and teen recreational reading† can be broken down to discuss several subtopics. This literature review examines peer-reviewed material to provide a basis for the research questions discussed within this study. The review of the literature is divided into four subtopics that were studied using different theories and approaches in an effort to answer the research question. InRead MoreReading Fluency and Its Effect on Reading Comprehension1295 Words   |  6 PagesReading Fluency and its Effect on Reading Comprehension Topic Selection As an elementary teacher, I have often thought reading fluency plays a large role in a child’s reading development. Few reading programs give fluency the recognition it deserves. Reading fluency has been a prominent and reliable benchmark for me, even when students have comprehension difficulties. Once fluency is assessed, the results were used to place students in their reading ability group. Often times,Read MoreCinderella Stories1524 Words   |  7 PagesTitle — the name of a book, movie, song or other work Fairy Tale — a make believe children’s story about magic, fairies, giants, witches, or talking animals. Procedures 1. Ask and discuss â€Å"What is a Fairly Tale?† 2. Tell students we will be reading several Cinderella stories over the next several days. We will be comparing the characters, where they live, and learning about story elements. Story elements include the setting, plot, conflict, climax and resolution. 3. In pairs have students

Apple Inc Management Information System Project free essay sample

Therefore, in order to apple MIS knowledge and skill into the reality, Apple is supposed to be an appropriate firm to analyze MIS issues. These issues will be represented in following order: 1. Understanding business and information system requirements. 2. Analyzing financial performance. 3. Achieve operational excellence: analyzing competitive strategy. 4. Improving decision making: developing a Website privacy policy. 5. Improving decision marking: Designing the customer database 6. Improving operational excellence: Identifying supply chain management solutions 7. Achieving operational excellence: Developing an E-Commerce strategy 8. Achieving operational excellence: Identifying opportunities for knowledge management. Finally, our report still have numerous mistakes, we expect Professor. Ngoc may contribute, comment and criticism to make our report more perfect. General information: Apple Inc. ,  formerly  Apple Computer, Inc. ,  is an American  multinational corporation headquartered in  Cupertino,  California[2]  that designs, develops, and sells  consumer electronics, computer software and personal computers. Its best-known hardware products are the  Mac  line of computers, the  iPod  music player, the  iPhone  smartphone, and the  iPad  tablet computer. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Inc Management Information System Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its software includes the  OS X  and  iOS  operating systems, the  iTunes  media browser, the  Safari  web browser, and the  iLife  and  iWork  creativity and production suites. The company was founded on April 1, 1976, and incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. on January 3, 1977. [6]  The word Computer was removed from its name on January 9, 2007, reflecting its shifted focus towards  consumer electronics  after the introduction of the iPhone. Topic 1: Understanding business and information systems requirement. Preparing management analysis plays an essential role to approach the firm’s current and future plans. * Goal: Identifying goals is one of steps, which create the success of any company. For Apple, their goal is obtaining stellar products and services within tight timeframes, at a cost that represents the best possible value to our customers and shareholders and building a strong relationship with their customers and suppliers. * Culture: Apple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked the traditional notions of what a  corporate culture  should look like in organizational hierarchy (flat versus tall, casual versus formal attire, etc. ). Apple is also known for strictly enforcing accountability. Each project has a directly responsible individual, or DRI in Apple jargon. Another Apple feature is attempting to differentiate itself from its competitors. This has resulted in a corporate culture more akin to a startup rather than a multinational corporation. Furthermore, Apple still has a reputation for fostering individuality and excellence that reliably draws talented people into its employ. To recognize the best of its employees, Apple created the Apple Fellows program, awarding individuals who made extraordinary technical or leadership contributions to  personal computing  while at the company. * Products: Apple manufactures many kind of information technology such as personal computer, software, hardware, music player, and several other multimedia devices. To be more detail. Apple is famous for Mac, iPop, iPad, iPhone, Apple TV. Apple sells its products all over the world. Its main market share is US, Canada; Japan an England, through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. Product contribution. We can conclude that Apple’s success has built up by each product’s success. As can be seen on this chart, each product had a huge sale, contributing to Apple Sale. * Organizational chart: According to Apples 2010 Form 10-K , they had 49,400 production workers, administered by code managers as following. Standing behind Board of Director, like other companies, Apple has CFO, COO, Legal, Operations, Retails, Product Marketing and Global Communication. Besides, Apple is also structured by specialized departments such as Design, Hardware, iOS Software, Software Engineering. Apple is considered as an organizational hierarchy. To illustrate how Apple works through operating apparatus, from input to output, let’s take a look at the chart below. In this chart, Apple invents or products its products through primary activities as following order: Research and Develop; Production; Marketing and Sales and finally Customer service. These activities are supported by company infrastructure, Materials management, Human resources and especially Information Systems. * The most important information systems and technologies for Apple: Apple’s main objective has always been to be the innovation leader. The same philosophy extends even to the manner in which they manage their internal communication which showcases their superiority. In accordance with this concept they have most of the processes which are virtualization is the factor which will provide the company with a competitive advantage in the market place. Apple Inc uses the intranet to provide the required platform for undertaking this process and this intranet in company enables the employees to access all required information from the comfort of desktop. From an external linkage point of view, Apple Inc also use extranet which enables the company to interact with the key suppliers and developers of Mac based applications. This enables the organization to build a seemingly unlimited â€Å"value chain† in the information domain by creating a virtual link between the suppliers and the production units which are in term linked to the retail stores. The information from retail stores is communicated to the customers service department with already has access to other information about the supplier and production details. Therefore, there exists a vast amount of information to enable the company to offer services at the click. The company actually undertake a tie-up with Utility Computing whereby they are reducing the amount of computer assets that the company owns and offering payment for the services undertaken this concept is gaining momentum and is called as Software as a Service. This has enable the company to achieve the differential with other competitors in the market places and made the overall information management system leaner and effective. Topic 2: Analyzing financial performance. One of indispensable parts in business to analyze company’s management is its financial performance, which is illustrated by financial stamen and financial ratios. First of all, we come with financial statement from 2009 to 2012. 1. Financial Statements for Apple Inc (AAPL) from 2009 to 2012: Year over year, Apple Inc. has been able to grow revenues from $108.